◎ 老奶奶 lǎonǎinai[old grandmother] 年老或上了年纪和可尊敬的妇女-----------------国语辞典:曾祖母。对年老妇人的尊称。《红楼梦.第六回》:「大大妈,有个老奶奶来找你呢,我带了来了。」英语 (coll.) father's father's mother, paternal great-grandmother, respectful form of address for an old woman法语 mémé
◎ 苦心 kǔxīn(1) [painstaking efforts;pains;trouble taken]∶辛苦耗费的心思或精力一片苦心(2) [painstakingly]∶费尽心思苦心经营-----------------国语辞典:刻意的用心。《文选.古诗十九首.东城高且长》:「晨风怀苦心,蟋蟀伤局促。」《红楼 梦.第三○回》:「宝玉这番苦心,能领会我这番苦意,又令我可喜。」劳苦忧心。英语 painstaking effort, to take a lot of trouble, laborious at pains德语 sorgfältig 法语 application fervente