◎ 临危授命 línwēi-shòumìng[give up one's life at the critical moment;sacrifice oneself at the point of danger and disaster] 在危亡关头勇于献出生命 -----------------国语辞典:在临死之前,交代他人完成自己的心愿。如:「将军临危授命,希望士兵们誓死抵抗敌军侵犯。」
◎ 临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网 lín yuān xiàn yú,bùrú tuì ér jié wǎng [It is better to return home and weave net than standing by water and admiring fishes;one should take practical steps to achieve one’s aims; It is hard to catch birds with an empty hand; It is vain to fish without a hook, or read without a book] 比喻空怀壮志,不如实实在在地付诸于行动-----------------国语辞典:比喻虽有愿望,但只凭空妄想,难收实效。参见「临河羡鱼」条。《汉书.卷五六.董仲舒传》:「古人有言曰:『临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网。』今临政而愿治七十余岁矣,不如退而更化。」
◎ 斗拱 dǒugǒng[dougong a system of brackets in chinese building;wooden square blocks inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam] 中国建筑特有的一种结构。在立柱和横梁交接处,从柱顶上加的一层层探出成弓形的承重结构叫拱,拱与拱之间垫的方形木块叫斗。合称斗拱 -----------------国语辞典:拱,从柱顶一层层伸出的方木。斗,指拱和拱之间连系的木块。斗拱为中国古代建筑中,介于楹柱和横梁间的承接部分。也作「斗栱」、「枓栱」、「栌欂」。英语 interlocking wooden brackets between the top of a column and crossbeams used in traditional Chinese architecture法语 système de consoles insérées entre le haut d'une colonne et une traverse (architecture traditionnelle)