◎ 家学 jiāxué[paternal teaching and influence;knowledge handed down from father to child] 书香世家中相延续的学问 刘君有家学,三世道益孤。—— 苏轼《刘壮与长官是堂》-----------------国语辞典:家族世代相传的学问。《后汉书.卷六七.党锢传.孔昱传》:「昱少习家学,大将军梁冀辟,不应。」《西湖佳话.葛岭仙迹》:「小婿闻修仙一道,要在各人自炼,虽有家学,亦不过是些平常导引之法。」私塾。《红楼梦.第八一回》:「明日早早叫我,老爷要等著送我到家学里去呢。」
◎ 家徒四壁 jiātúsìbì[utterly destitute;be empty of all furniture;be extremely poor with only the walls of the household standing;with nothing is one's house but bare walls] 家中极端贫困,空无所有,徒有四堵墙壁树立 -----------------国语辞典:家中只剩四面墙壁。形容家境贫困,一无所有。宋.辛弃疾〈水调歌头.我亦卜居者〉词:「好在书携一束,莫问家徒四壁,往日置锥无。」《孽海花.第三回》:「那时正是家徒四壁,囊无一文。」也作「家徒壁立」。近环堵萧然,家贫壁立,室如悬磬,四壁萧条,一贫如洗反富可敌国,富甲一方,腰缠万贯英语 lit. with only four bare walls for a home (idiom), fig. very poor, wretched德语 vollkommen mittellos (Sprichw)