◎ 叩阍 kòuhūn[knock at official's gate to lodge complaint;go to the royal court to complain about one's wrong] 扣击宫门,指官吏、百姓到朝廷诉冤 -----------------国语辞典:阍,皇宫门。叩阍指吏民趋宫门陈诉冤屈。《资治通鉴.卷二五八.唐纪七十四.昭宗大顺元年》:「不然,方且轻骑叩阍.顿首丹陛,诉奸回于陛下之扆坐,纳制敕于先帝之庙庭。」
◎ 叩拜 kòubài[bow in salute] 叩头下拜-----------------国语辞典:叩头下拜。清.纪昀《阅微草堂笔记.卷九.如是我闻三》:「顶上灵光高尺许,故我得而见之,非以尔叩拜求哀也。」英语 to bow in salute, to kowtow德语 Ehrenbezeugung (S)法语 s'incliner pour saluer, faire des courbettes