◎ 臣妾 chénqiè[female servant] 妾的自称-----------------国语辞典：称服贱役的男女。《孝经．孝治章》：「治家者，不敢失于臣妾，而况于妻子乎。」《史记．卷六六．伍子胥传》：「使大夫种厚币遗吴太宰嚭以请和，求委国为臣妾。」英语 (literary) I, your servant (self-appellation of a lower-rank female), (archaic) male and female slaves, subjects (of a ruler)
◎ 臣服 chénfú[submit oneself to the rule of;acknowledge allegiance to] 屈服称臣,接受统治今予一二伯父,尚胥暨顾,绥尔先公之臣服于先王。——《书·康王之诰》-----------------国语辞典：奉人为君，自己称臣。《三国志．卷四二．蜀书．谯周传》：「自古以来，无寄他国为天子者也，今若入吴，固当臣服。」也作「臣事」。服输。如:「职棒年度总冠军赛，雄狮发威，巨象臣服。」英语 to acknowledge allegiance to (some regime), to serve法语 faire allégeance à, servir